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"definition": "From the sources\nBrevity (ījāz al-qiṣar) is an Arabic rhetorical device in which comparatively little overt wording conveys extensive meaning without deletion of linguistic material.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]",
"backgroundInformation": "The word qiṣar in ījāz al-qiṣar denotes shortness or brevity, reflecting the shortness of the overt expression relative to the extensive meaning it conveys.[1][3][2] It should not be confused with qaṣr, restriction, which denotes a different rhetorical operation represented in the Encyclopedia by Rhetorical Restriction. Ṭabāna makes the distinction particularly visible by giving separate adjacent entries for al-qaṣr (restriction) and al-qiṣar (brevity).[2]",
"linguisticOperation": "From the sources\nBrevity operates by concentrating extensive meaning into comparatively little overt wording without deletion of linguistic material.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]\nAl-Qazwīnī characterises ījāz al-qiṣar as brevity in which there is no deletion, and Ṭabāna similarly defines it as wording that is short and slight while its meaning is extensive, without deletion.[1][2] Al-Jāḥiẓ's definition, as reported by ʿAkkāwī (1996), describes speech in which few words indicate multiple adequate meanings and which cannot be replaced by a shorter expression.[4] Hatim (2010) similarly describes the operation in terms of semantically rich wording through which extensive meaning is conveyed with a minimal use of linguistic forms.[7]\nEncyclopedia Interpretation\nThe resulting economy therefore arises from the semantic capacity of the wording that is present, rather than from the recovery of linguistic material that has been left unexpressed.",
"recognition": "From the sources\nBrevity may be present when:\n\nA comparatively short expression conveys extensive or multiple meanings through the wording that is overtly present.[1][2][4][5][6][7]\nThe semantic content of the expression would require substantially more wording to unpack or explain explicitly.[4][7]\nThe economy does not depend upon deletion of linguistic material.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]\nEncyclopedia Interpretation\nAl-Qazwīnī's detailed analysis of وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ suggests one way in which the semantic concentration characteristic of Brevity may arise. He identifies several rhetorical and semantic features operating within the same short expression, including the magnifying effect of the indefiniteness of حَيَاةٌ, semantic contrast, avoidance of repetition, and other respects in which the formulation conveys more through less wording.[1] This suggests that Brevity may sometimes emerge from the concentration of multiple meaning-bearing rhetorical operations within a small span: several operations contribute meaning simultaneously, and their convergence allows comparatively little overt wording to carry an extensive semantic load. The presence of multiple rhetorical operations may therefore provide evidence for Brevity, but is not a necessary condition for identifying it.",
"diagnosticCommunicativeEnhancements": "From the sources\nBrevity may contribute to:\n\nEconomy of expression — extensive meaning is conveyed through comparatively little wording.[4][5][6][7]\n\nApplying the Recognition Framework\nThe information on this page can be used to evaluate whether this device is present in a candidate lexical item using the Specific Device Recognition part of the Universal Framework for Identifying Arabic Rhetorical Devices:\n\nUse the Definition, Mechanism, and Recognition sections of this page in Step 1.\nApply the substitution test in Step 2.\nConsider contextual indicators in Step 3.\nUse the Diagnostic Communicative Enhancements section of this page in Step 4.",
"examples": "Source Example🔗\nوَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌIn retribution there is life for you. (Q2:179)\nExplanation\nThe expression conveys an extensive relationship between retribution, deterrence, and the preservation of life through very little overt wording. Al-Qazwīnī gives a detailed analysis of the respects in which the expression achieves this economy, including its compactness, its explicit expression of life, the magnifying effect of the indefiniteness of حَيَاةٌ, its avoidance of repetition, and the semantic contrast between retribution and life.[1] The sources cite the expression as an example of ījāz al-qiṣar or the corresponding operation of intensive or compressed brevity.[5][6][8][9][7][10]\n\nSource Example🔗\nأُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمُ الْأَمْنُThose shall have security. (Q6:82)\nExplanation\nThe compact expression encompasses multiple meanings in its overt wording: security in this life, in the next life, and from every fear are contained under the single word security (al-amn). No linguistic material needs to be restored to account for this economy; the extensive meaning is concentrated in the wording that is present.[4][6]\n\nSource Example🔗\nأَلَا لَهُ الْخَلْقُ وَالْأَمْرُIs it not His the creation and the command? (Q7:54)\nExplanation\nThe compact terms creation (al-khalq) and command (al-amr) encompass extensive meanings within the overt expression: all that is created and all that governs it are gathered into the brief clause.[10]",
"differentFrom": "ELLIPS: Ellipsis (al-ḥadhf) — traditional accounts distinguish ījāz al-qiṣar, in which no linguistic material is deleted, from ījāz al-ḥadhf, in which linguistic material is omitted.[1][2][3][4][5][6][9][7][11] Encyclopedia Interpretation In the Encyclopedia's operation-first taxonomy, the former is represented by Brevity and the latter by Ellipsis.\nVERBOS: Rhetorical Verbosity (al-iṭnāb) — the broader traditional category al-ījāz contrasts with al-iṭnāb in the relationship between the amount of wording and the meaning conveyed.[8][5][6] Encyclopedia Interpretation The present BREVTY device represents specifically the non-deletion operation ījāz al-qiṣr rather than the whole traditional category al-ījāz.",
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"technicalNotes": "The broader term al-ījāz encompasses more than the Linguistic Operation represented by BREVTY. The sources distinguish ījāz al-qiṣar, in which extensive meaning is concentrated in little overt wording without deletion, from ījāz al-ḥadhf, in which linguistic material is omitted.[1][2][3][12][5][6][9][7][11]\nEncyclopedia InterpretationIn the Encyclopedia's operation-first taxonomy, BREVTY represents ījāz al-qiṣar rather than generic al-ījāz. Ījāz al-ḥadhf is treated under Ellipsis, since its defining Linguistic Operation is deletion."
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