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'EVLETTR: Evasive Letterplay'. 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When Caliph al-Rashīd objected, Abū Nuwās claimed he had said ḍāʾa (shone), a reading achievable through a minimal change in pointing. Both ḍāʿa shiʿrī (my poetry was lost) and ḍāʿa ʿiqd (a necklace was lost) could thus be reread as ḍāʾa shiʿrī (my poetry shone) and ḍāʾa ʿiqd (a necklace shone), yielding an entirely different and innocuous meaning.[1][4]Constructed Example🔗\nكَتَبَ الصَّحَفِيُّ: «إنَّ هذا المسؤولَ أَكَلَ أَمْوَالَ الشَّعْبِ»The journalist wrote: \"This official devoured the people's funds.\"\nExplanation\nThe journalist used akala (devoured/embezzled). When called to account, he claimed he had written akkala (fed/provided for), meaning the official had spent the funds on the people's welfare. Since the two forms share an identical unpointed skeleton (أكل), the distinction rests entirely on a tashdid — a diacritical mark — making the escape reading formally available through a minimal change in pointing.Constructed Example🔗\nقالَ الخَطِيبُ: «إنَّ هذا الوَزِيرَ يَخُونُ وَطَنَهُ وَأَهْلَهُ»The orator said: \"This minister betrays his homeland and his people.\"\nExplanation\nThe orator used yakhūnu (betrays). When challenged, he claimed he had said yakūnu (is/will be), completing the sentence as \"this minister will be a sword for his homeland and his people.\" The two forms differ by a single dot on the first root letter (خ → ك), a minimal consonantal shift that constitutes taḥrīf, and which — in rapid speech or unvocalised writing — renders the escape reading formally plausible.English Constructed Example🔗\nThe columnist wrote, “This minister is incompetent.”\nExplanation\nWhen challenged for insulting the minister, the columnist claimed that he had written “This minister is competent,” and that the prefix in- had been added in transmission. The objectionable reading incompetent can thus be converted into the innocuous competent by a minimal formal change — deletion of two letters — providing the speaker with an escape from accountability. The example therefore illustrates Evasive Letterplay through addition or deletion rather than through the Arabic-specific manipulation of consonantal pointing.", "differentFrom": "PARONOM: Graphic Paronomasia - depends upon graphic similarity between words differing in their written form or pointing. 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When Caliph al-Rashīd objected, Abū Nuwās claimed he had said ḍāʾa (shone), a reading achievable through a minimal change in pointing. Both ḍāʿa shiʿrī (my poetry was lost) and ḍāʿa ʿiqd (a necklace was lost) could thus be reread as ḍāʾa shiʿrī (my poetry shone) and ḍāʾa ʿiqd (a necklace shone), yielding an entirely different and innocuous meaning.[1][4]" }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "constructed", "exampleOf": "EVLETTR", "exampleOfName": "Evasive Letterplay", "id": "EQ5KM", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/EVLETTR:_Evasive_Letterplay#EQ5KM", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q78" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "كَتَبَ الصَّحَفِيُّ: «إنَّ هذا المسؤولَ أَكَلَ أَمْوَالَ الشَّعْبِ»", "english": "The journalist wrote: \"This official devoured the people's funds.\"", "explanation": "The journalist used akala (devoured/embezzled). When called to account, he claimed he had written akkala (fed/provided for), meaning the official had spent the funds on the people's welfare. Since the two forms share an identical unpointed skeleton (أكل), the distinction rests entirely on a tashdid — a diacritical mark — making the escape reading formally available through a minimal change in pointing." }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "constructed", "exampleOf": "EVLETTR", "exampleOfName": "Evasive Letterplay", "id": "KF9BZ", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/EVLETTR:_Evasive_Letterplay#KF9BZ", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q78" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "قالَ الخَطِيبُ: «إنَّ هذا الوَزِيرَ يَخُونُ وَطَنَهُ وَأَهْلَهُ»", "english": "The orator said: \"This minister betrays his homeland and his people.\"", "explanation": "The orator used yakhūnu (betrays). When challenged, he claimed he had said yakūnu (is/will be), completing the sentence as \"this minister will be a sword for his homeland and his people.\" The two forms differ by a single dot on the first root letter (خ → ك), a minimal consonantal shift that constitutes taḥrīf, and which — in rapid speech or unvocalised writing — renders the escape reading formally plausible." }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "constructed", "exampleOf": "EVLETTR", "exampleOfName": "Evasive Letterplay", "id": "KJGDE", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/EVLETTR:_Evasive_Letterplay#KJGDE", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q78" }, "inLanguage": "en", "english": "The columnist wrote, “This minister is incompetent.”", "explanation": "When challenged for insulting the minister, the columnist claimed that he had written “This minister is competent,” and that the prefix in- had been added in transmission. The objectionable reading incompetent can thus be converted into the innocuous competent by a minimal formal change — deletion of two letters — providing the speaker with an escape from accountability. 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