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In Grouping Then Dividing, however, the shared governing judgement is subsequently divided by assigning each entity what belongs to it. In Combining the Like and the Unlike, the initial relation is specifically one of equality in praise, after which one party receives an additional excellence that gives it preference over the other.", "seeAlso": "Disambiguation page for Grouping & Distinguishing devices", "notes": "The device was placed by al-Sakkākī among the المحسنات المعنوية (meaning-based embellishments). Its definition was attested without material variation by Ibn Mālik in al-Miṣbāḥ, al-Ḥalabī in Ḥusn al-Tawassul, al-Nuwayrī in Nihāyat al-Arab, al-Qazwīnī in al-Talkhīṣ, Ibn Ḥijja al-Ḥamawī in Khizānat al-Adab, al-Suyūṭī in al-Itqān, Ibn Maʿṣūm al-Madanī in Anwār al-Rabīʿ, and Jurjānūs Farḥāt in Bulūgh al-Arab.[4]", "references": [ { "@type": "balagha:Reference", "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#cite_note-rf-1", "citationNumber": 1, "citationKey": "rf", "text": "W. P. Heinrichs, ‘Rhetorical Figures’, in Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, ed. Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey (London: Routledge, 1998), 658, ISBN 0415068088. DOI: 10.4324/9780203020425", "html": "W. P. Heinrichs, ‘Rhetorical Figures’, in Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, ed. Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey (London: Routledge, 1998), 658, ISBN 0415068088. 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Al-Badīʿ wa-al-Bayān wa-al-Maʿānī (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1996), 464.", "html": "Inʿām Fawwāl ʿAkkāwī, Al-Muʿjam al-Mufaṣṣal fī ʿUlūm al-Balāgha: Al-Badīʿ wa-al-Bayān wa-al-Maʿānī (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1996), 464.", "identifiers": { "@type": "balagha:Identifiers", "isbn": [], "doi": [], "url": [] }, "links": [] }, { "@type": "balagha:Reference", "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#cite_note-atiq-4", "citationNumber": 4, "citationKey": "atiq", "text": "ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Atīq, ʿIlm al-Badīʿ (Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya lil-Ṭibāʿa wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʿ, 2002), 158-160.", "html": "ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Atīq, ʿIlm al-Badīʿ (Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍa al-ʿArabiyya lil-Ṭibāʿa wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʿ, 2002), 158-160.", "identifiers": { "@type": "balagha:Identifiers", "isbn": [], "doi": [], "url": [] }, "links": [] }, { "@type": "balagha:Reference", "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#cite_note-cachia-5", 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term. Qur'an 39:42", "explanation": "The verse first presents the general act of God taking souls, then divides that act into two distinct categories: those taken at death and those taken during sleep. The collective act is thus distinguished between the two categories." }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "source", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-GD", "exampleOfName": "Gather then Divide", "sourceReferences": [ "cite_note-akkawi-3", "cite_note-atiq-4" ], "id": "2LY7H", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#2LY7H", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-GD" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "حتى أقام على أرباض خرشنة تشقى به الروم والصلبان والبيع للرق ما نسلوا والقتل ما ولدوا والنهب ما جمعوا والنار ما زرعوا", "english": "[Sayf al-Dawla led the armies] until he had control of the suburbs of Kharshana, the Byzantines and their crosses and churches made utterly miserable through him: destined for captivity was what they had married, for massacring what they had given birth to, for plundering what they had gathered, for the fire what they had sown.", "explanation": "The first verse gathers the Byzantines, their crosses, and their churches under the single ruling of misery. The second verse then divides that ruling, returning to each group — wives, children, wealth, crops — the fate that belongs to it: captivity, slaughter, plunder, and burning.[2][3][4]" }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "source", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-GD", "exampleOfName": "Gather then Divide", "sourceReferences": [ "cite_note-jawaher-2" ], "id": "UWKAH", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#UWKAH", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-GD" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "سأطلب حقي بالقنا ومشايخ كأنهم من طول ما الثموا مردُ", "english": "I shall seek my right by the spear and by elders who, from the length of their silence, seem beardless.", "explanation": "The speaker gathers two instruments of seeking his right — the spear and the elders — under one governing act, then specifies each through what distinguishes it.[2]" }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "source", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-GD", "exampleOfName": "Gather then Divide", "sourceReferences": [ "cite_note-jawaher-2" ], "id": "W6SG5", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#W6SG5", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-GD" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "ثقال إذا لاقوا خفاف إذا دعوا كثير إذا شدوا قليل إذ عُدوا", "english": "Heavy when they meet [the enemy], light when called, many when they charge, few when counted.", "explanation": "Multiple qualities are gathered under one subject, then each is divided and assigned to its specific circumstance.[2]" }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "source", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-GD", "exampleOfName": "Gather then Divide", "sourceReferences": [ "cite_note-akkawi-3", "cite_note-atiq-4" ], "id": "DHQLH", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#DHQLH", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-GD" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "أبادهم فلبيت المال ما جمعوا والروح للسيف والأجساد للرخم", "english": "He destroyed them: to the treasury went what they had gathered, to the sword their souls, and to the vultures their bodies.", "explanation": "The poet gathers the rebels under the single ruling of destruction, then divides that ruling by assigning their wealth to the treasury, their souls to the sword, and their bodies to the vultures.[3][4]" }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "source", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-GD", "exampleOfName": "Gather then Divide", "sourceReferences": [ "cite_note-cachia-5" ], "id": "JZ2MP", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#JZ2MP", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-GD" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "نحن ركب نسري بليل من النفس سراعاً تحثنا الآجال فخطانا أنفاسنا والمنايا منتهانا وزادنا الأعمال", "english": "We are a caravan traveling in a night of the spirit, At speed, urged on by Fates. Our steps are our breaths, death our destination, And our provisions are our deeds.", "explanation": "The first line gathers the travellers under their common journey and condition; the following line then divides the elements of that journey by assigning corresponding terms to them: their steps are their breaths, death is their destination, and their deeds are their provisions.[5]" }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "constructed", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-GD", "exampleOfName": "Gather then Divide", "id": "BQLAB", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#BQLAB", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-GD" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "عانى الطلاب جميعاً في الامتحان: فأخطأ أصحاب الرياضيات في حساباتهم، ونسي أصحاب التاريخ تواريخهم، وخلط أصحاب اللغة في قواعدهم", "english": "The students all struggled in the examination: the mathematicians failed their calculations, the historians forgot their dates, and the linguists confused their grammar.", "explanation": "The students are first gathered under the single ruling of struggling, then each group is divided and assigned its specific failure." }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "constructed", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-GD", "exampleOfName": "Gather then Divide", "id": "CMK4X", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#CMK4X", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-GD" }, "inLanguage": "en", "english": "The storm damaged the whole village: it flooded the riverside homes, tore roofs from the hilltop houses, and uprooted the trees in the park.", "explanation": "The village is first gathered under the single ruling of being damaged by the storm, then that ruling is divided by assigning a distinct form of damage to each part: flooding to the riverside homes, torn roofs to the hilltop houses, and uprooted trees to the park." }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "source", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-DG", "exampleOfName": "Divide then Gather", "sourceReferences": [ "cite_note-akkawi-3", "cite_note-atiq-4" ], "id": "C8TQ8", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#C8TQ8", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-DG" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "قوم إذا حاربوا ضروا عدوهم أو حاولوا النفع في أشياعهم نفعوا سجية تلك منهم غير محدثة إن الخلائق فاعلم شرها البدع", "english": "A people who, when they fight, harm their enemy, and when they seek benefit for their followers, they benefit them — that is a character innate to them, not newly acquired; know that the worst of traits are innovations.", "explanation": "The first verse divides the tribe's qualities into two distinct properties — harm to the enemy in war, and benefit to allies in peace — and then gathers both under the single collective ruling in the second verse: that this is their innate character, not a novelty.[2][3][4]" }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "source", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-DG", "exampleOfName": "Divide then Gather", "sourceReferences": [ "cite_note-cachia-51-6" ], "id": "L8Z2L", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#L8Z2L", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-DG" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "وجدت بالتبر من مالي ومن أدبي فكنت في كل حال منهما الطائي", "english": "I lavish gold out of my wealth, and also out of my art, Being — in both respects — al-Ṭāʾī.", "explanation": "The poet first distinguishes two respects — his wealth and his literary art — and then gathers them through the shared designation “al-Ṭāʾī”: Ḥātim al-Ṭāʾī being proverbial for generosity and Ḥabīb al-Ṭāʾī (Abū Tammām) renowned for eloquence.[6]" }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "constructed", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-DG", "exampleOfName": "Divide then Gather", "id": "JGN9M", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#JGN9M", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-DG" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "قاتل الجندي بشجاعة في ميدان المعركة، وكدّ العالم بلا كلل في مكتبه، وكدح الفلاح من الفجر إلى الغسق في حقله — كلهم خدام وطنهم", "english": "The soldier fought bravely on the battlefield, the scholar laboured tirelessly in his study, and the farmer toiled from dawn to dusk in his fields — all of them servants of their nation.", "explanation": "The three figures are first divided with their distinct roles, then gathered under the single ruling of service to the nation." }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "constructed", "exampleOf": "GRPDIV-DG", "exampleOfName": "Divide then Gather", "id": "HHDPZ", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#HHDPZ", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/GRPDIV:_Grouping_And_Dividing#GRPDIV-DG" }, "inLanguage": "en", "english": "The doctor treated the wounded, the teacher taught the children, and the builder repaired the homes — each served the community in a different way.", "explanation": "The three figures are first divided by assigning each a distinct action, then gathered under the single collective ruling that each served the community." } ], "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://marathe.org/#mandar", "honorificPrefix": "Dr", "name": "Mandar Marathe", "givenName": "Mandar", "familyName": "Marathe", "alternateName": "Dr Mandar Marathe", "url": "https://marathe.org/", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://marathe.org/" }, "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-6927-6836", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-6836" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "Google Scholar", "value": "w-bT-iYAAAAJ", "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=w-bT-iYAAAAJ" } ], "sameAs": [ "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-6836", "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=w-bT-iYAAAAJ", "https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=38961640000", "https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/GRX-5034-2022", "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mandar_Marathe", "https://independent.academia.edu/MandarMaratheUK", "https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/Mandar-Marathe/34623281", "https://arxiv.org/a/marathe_m_1.html", "https://dblp.org/pid/413/7182", "https://www.soas.ac.uk/about/mandar-marathe", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/mandar-marathe-uk/", "https://x.com/DrMMarathe", "https://www.youtube.com/@drmandarmarathe", "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q19", "https://balaghabase.org/wiki/Item:Q19" ], "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "The Arabic Research Institute", "url": "https://arabicresearch.org/" } ], "owns": [ { "@id": "https://marathe.org/#website" }, { "@id": "https://rhetorical-density.com/#website" }, { "@id": "https://balaghascore.com/#website" }, { "@id": "https://project.balaghascore.com/#website" }, { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/#website" }, { "@id": "https://balaghabase.org/#website" }, { "@id": "https://balagha-corpus.com/#website" } ] } ] }