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"definition": "From the sources\nThe Interrogative (al-istifhām) is an Arabic rhetorical device where a communicator uses an interrogative construction not to seek previously unknown information, but to convey another meaning or rhetorical purpose understood from context.[1][2][3][4]\nIn the ordinary use of the interrogative, a communicator seeks understanding or knowledge about something not already known. In its rhetorical use, this information-seeking function is displaced: the interrogative form remains, but another meaning or effect is intended, such as affirmation, denial, rebuke, command, astonishment, or other context-dependent purposes.[1][2][3][4] This departure from ordinary interrogative function belongs to the broader rhetorical phenomenon of ikhrāj al-kalām ʿalā khilāf muqtaḍā al-ẓāhir (\"expression contrary to the apparent requirement of the situation\").[5] The resulting rhetorical question does not function primarily to elicit an answer, but to produce an effect upon the addressee.[6]\nFor the ordinary linguistic system of Arabic questions, including the interrogative tools, taṣawwur and taṣdīq, and the respective uses of al-hamza, hal, and the interrogative nouns, see Questions and Interrogatives in Arabic (al-Istifhām).",
"linguisticOperation": "From the sources\nThe Interrogative retains the linguistic form of a question while departing from its ordinary function of seeking unknown information. The intended meaning is instead determined by contextual indications.[1][2]\nNasif describes this distinction as an utterance being interrogative in wording (إنشاء لفظاً) while conveying declarative content in meaning (خبر معنىً). He gives ʾalam nashraḥ laka ṣadraka (\"Have We not expanded your breast for you?\", Q. 94:1) as an example whose intended meaning is \"We have expanded it\" (شرحناه), with the interrogative form adopted for rhetorical effect.[3]\nGhani states that departure from genuine information-seeking is understood through contextual indicators (قرائن الحال or قرائن المقال), while the interrogative wording itself remains present.[1]\nThe meaning conveyed through this departure varies according to context. The sources identify purposes including Affirmation, Denial, Rebuke, Command, Prohibition, Astonishment, Threat, Glorification, Belittling, and others.[1][2][4]\nAbdul-Raof describes the corresponding communicative mechanism in terms of the communicator producing an effect upon the addressee rather than seeking an answer.[6]",
"recognition": "From the sources\nThe Interrogative may be present when:\n\nAn utterance has interrogative form, but the context indicates that the communicator is not genuinely seeking information previously unknown to them.[1][2]\nThe matter asked about is already known to the communicator, so that the interrogative construction instead conveys another purpose understood from context.[2]\nContextual indicators (قرائن الحال or قرائن المقال) establish that the interrogative wording has departed from its ordinary information-seeking meaning.[1]\nThe utterance does not function as a genuine request for an answer but instead produces a rhetorical effect upon the addressee.[6]\nEncyclopedia Interpretation\nThe following diagnostic tests aid identification:\n\nTest 1 — Information-seeking: determine whether the communicator is plausibly seeking information not already known to them. If so, the construction is an ordinary interrogative rather than an instance of the rhetorical device.\nTest 2 — Context: if literal information-seeking is not intended, determine whether contextual indications support another meaning or purpose, such as Affirmation, Denial, Rebuke, Command, Prohibition, Astonishment, or Threat.\nTest 3 — Rhetorical function: determine whether interpreting the utterance as a genuine question fails to account for its communicative function, while one of the contextually supported rhetorical purposes does.\nFor identification of the interrogative construction itself, rather than its rhetorical use, see Questions and Interrogatives in Arabic (al-Istifhām).",
"diagnosticCommunicativeEnhancements": "From the sources\nThe Interrogative can have a wide range of pragmatic effects as described in the \"Types of The Interrogative\" section.\n\nApplying the Recognition Framework\nThe information on this page can be used to evaluate whether this device is present in a candidate lexical item using the Specific Device Recognition part of the Universal Framework for Identifying Arabic Rhetorical Devices:\n\nUse the Definition, Mechanism, and Recognition sections of this page in Step 1.\nApply the substitution test in Step 2.\nConsider contextual indicators in Step 3.\nUse the Diagnostic Communicative Enhancements section of this page in Step 4.",
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"technicalNotes": "The detailed linguistic system underlying Arabic interrogation — including the inventory of interrogative tools, the distinction between taṣawwur and taṣdīq, the respective functions of hamza and hal, simple and compound hal, and the semantic functions of the interrogative nouns — is treated separately at Questions and Interrogatives in Arabic (al-Istifhām). This page restricts its main analysis to the rhetorical use of interrogative constructions.\nThe supplied sources differ considerably in their inventories and classifications of rhetorical purposes. Purposes listed on this page are therefore treated as source-attested functions rather than as members of a single harmonised taxonomy.[1][2][4][11][10]\nAkkawi (pp. 122–137) records a particularly extensive catalogue of rhetorical purposes, drawing chiefly on al-Suyūṭī and al-Zarkashī. Purposes attested there but not independently identified by the other supplied sources are retained as single-source attestations rather than treated as universally recognised categories.[10]\nEncyclopedia Interpretation The Interrogative provides a particularly clear illustration of the distinction made in this Encyclopedia between a rhetorical operation and its rhetorical effects. The identifiable operation remains comparatively stable: an interrogative construction is used for a purpose other than genuine information-seeking. The effect produced by that operation, however, is context-dependent and may be interpreted as Command, Prohibition, Rebuke, Mockery, Threat, Astonishment, Affirmation, or numerous other meanings. Because such effects are more dependent upon contextual interpretation, analysts may agree that the rhetorical operation is the Interrogative while differing over the precise effect it produces. Accordingly, effects such as Astonishment (التعجب, taʿajjub) and Mockery (التهكم والسخرية, tahakkum / sukhriyya) are recorded as possible effects of the Interrogative rather than treated as independently annotatable rhetorical devices. See Principle 4: The Encyclopedia Uses a Mechanism-First Typology.\nImpossibility is retained under the English label used by Abdul-Raof; no corresponding Arabic technical label has been assigned editorially in the absence of one established by the supplied source.",
"historicalNotes": "Funūn attributes an additional set of extended meanings of al-istikhbār to Ibn Fāris (d. 395 AH), drawn from his work al-Ṣāḥibī fī Fiqh al-Lugha, including uses glossed as tafajjuʿ (\"lamentation\"), tabkīt (\"reproach\"), istirshād (\"seeking guidance\"), ifhām (\"informing\"), takthīr (\"amplification\"), and taḥqīq wa-ikhbār (\"verification and reporting\").[4] Several of these correspond to purposes Akkawi attests independently and by a different route (via al-Suyūṭī rather than Ibn Fāris): compare Regret/Lament (التفجع), Argumentative reproach (التبكيت), Seeking guidance (الاسترشاد), Informing (الإخبار), and Amplification (التكثير) above.[10] Atiq independently cites this same Ibn Fāris material directly, with its own examples, giving a third route to the same cross-reference.[8]"
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"arabic": "أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَاللهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَوْهُ",
"english": "Do you fear them? No, it is God whom you should more justly fear. Quran 9:13",
"explanation": "The literal question (\"do you fear them?\") in fact conveys a prohibition against fearing anyone other than God.[9]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "A9N4S5E",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#A9N4S5E",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَتُخَاطِرُ بِصِحَّتِكَ بِالتَّدْخِينِ؟",
"english": "Do you risk your health by smoking?",
"explanation": "The question is not a genuine inquiry into the addressee's habits, but conveys the sense \"Do not risk your health by smoking.\""
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"unresolvedSourceReferenceKeys": [
"ghani-248"
],
"id": "MCNQBZ4",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#MCNQBZ4",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَفَبِالْبَاطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ وَبِنِعْمَةِ اللهِ هُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ",
"english": "Is it that they believe in falsehood and are ungrateful for the favour of God? Quran 16:72",
"explanation": "The question rebukes the addressees' conduct rather than genuinely inquiring about it.[12]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "UYD87QR",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#UYD87QR",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "كَيْفَ تَعْرِفُ أَنَّهُ لَنْ يَكْتَشِفَ أَحَدٌ مَا فَعَلْتَهُ؟",
"english": "How do you know that no one will find out what you did?",
"explanation": "The question rebukes the addressee's assumption rather than requesting an explanation."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-93-13"
],
"id": "Q7UZRMU",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#Q7UZRMU",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أعقلك يسوِّغ لك أن تفعل كذا؟!",
"english": "Does your intellect justify you doing such a thing?!",
"explanation": "The question expresses scornful belittling rather than genuine doubt.[13]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "XQQALPY",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#XQQALPY",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَهَذَا مَا تُسَمِّيهِ إِنْجَازًا؟",
"english": "Is this what you call an achievement?",
"explanation": "The communicator is not asking whether the addressee calls the result an achievement, but uses interrogative form to mock the description of it as such."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-93-13"
],
"id": "8GPU98J",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#8GPU98J",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ",
"english": "Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with ‘Aad? Quran 105:1",
"explanation": "The question conveys a threat/warning by reference to past punishment.[13]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "3XYPQ6F",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#3XYPQ6F",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "هَلْ تَرْغَبُ مِنِّي أَنْ أَغْضَبَ؟",
"english": "Do you want me to become angry?",
"explanation": "The question conveys an implicit threat rather than seeking the addressee's actual wish."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-92-9"
],
"id": "3JU8G4V",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#3JU8G4V",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَغَيْرَ للهِ تَدْعُونَ",
"english": "Would you call upon any other than Allah for help? Quran 6:40",
"explanation": "The question denies that people can call upon anyone other than God.[9]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "GDMUETT",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#GDMUETT",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَيَسْتَوِي الْمُجْتَهِدُ وَالْكَسُولُ؟",
"english": "Are the diligent person and the lazy person equal?",
"explanation": "The question does not genuinely seek a judgement about whether the two are equal; it denies their equivalence through interrogative form."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-abdul-raof-115-14"
],
"id": "4XHW7LA",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#4XHW7LA",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَتَشْرَبُ مَاءَ الْبَحْرِ؟",
"english": "Do you drink sea water?",
"explanation": "Said to convey that the matter literally asked about is impossible.[14]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "BA4L8GF",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#BA4L8GF",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "هَلْ تَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ يُمْكِنُكَ الْهُرُوبُ مِنْ قَدَرِكَ؟",
"english": "Do you think you can escape your destiny?",
"explanation": "The question conveys that escaping one's destiny is impossible, rather than genuinely asking the addressee's belief."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-93-13"
],
"id": "XUPVNXD",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#XUPVNXD",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "مَا لِهَذَا الرَّسُولِ يَأْكُلُ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشِي فِي الْأسَْوَاقِ",
"english": "\"What kind of messenger is this who eats food and goes about in market-places? Quran: 25:7",
"explanation": "The question expresses astonishment that a messenger of God would do ordinary things like eating food and going to the market.[13]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "JFN9H7N",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#JFN9H7N",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "كَيْفَ نَجَحْتَ فِي الِامْتِحَانِ دُونَ أَنْ تَدْرُسَ؟",
"english": "How did you pass the exam without studying?",
"explanation": "The question conveys astonishment at the outcome rather than seeking an explanation."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-92-9"
],
"id": "4H5XPWN",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#4H5XPWN",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ",
"english": "Did We not expand your breast for you? Quran: 94:1",
"explanation": "The negated hamza-question compels acknowledgement of an already-established fact (\"We did expand it\").[15][9]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "GXSP6AQ",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#GXSP6AQ",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَمْ أُسَاعِدْكَ فِي الْمَاضِي؟",
"english": "Did I not help you in the past?",
"explanation": "The negated question compels the addressee to acknowledge a fact already known to both parties."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-hatim-168-16"
],
"id": "FKFNKLM",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#FKFNKLM",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "وَكَمْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَاهَا",
"english": "How many towns have We destroyed? Quran 7:4",
"explanation": "The word kam here does not seek a numeric answer but conveys the great number of destroyed towns.[16]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "LQXR8QC",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#LQXR8QC",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "كَمْ مَرَّةٍ حَذَّرْتُكَ مِنْ هَذَا؟",
"english": "How many times have I warned you about this?",
"explanation": "The word kam here conveys the great number of prior warnings rather than seeking a count."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-nasif-37-17",
"cite_note-jawaher-92-9"
],
"id": "L5SNLPB",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#L5SNLPB",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "هَلْ جَزَاءُ الْإِحْسَانِ إِلَّا الْإِحْسَانُ",
"english": "Is the reward for good anything but good?",
"explanation": "The Interrogative here is conveying Negation (النفي, nafy). The question does not seek information about what the reward for good might be; it conveys that the reward for good is nothing other than good.[17][9]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "TMTVKMD",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#TMTVKMD",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الصَّادِقُ وَالْكَاذِبُ؟",
"english": "Are the truthful and the liar equal?",
"explanation": "The question does not genuinely seek a judgement about whether the two are equal; it conveys the negation of their equality."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-nasif-37-17"
],
"id": "FE5DJZQ",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#FE5DJZQ",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ",
"english": "Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission?",
"explanation": "The Interrogative here is conveying Glorification (التعظيم, taʿẓīm). The question magnifies the authority of God by presenting intercession before Him as dependent entirely upon His permission.[17]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "KFNZFDF",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#KFNZFDF",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "مَنْ يَبْلُغُ مَبْلَغَ هَذَا الْعَالِمِ فِي الْعِلْمِ؟",
"english": "Who could attain the standing of this scholar in knowledge?",
"explanation": "The question is not primarily intended to identify another person, but to magnify the scholar's standing by presenting it as exceptionally difficult to equal."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-nasif-37-17",
"cite_note-jawaher-92-9"
],
"id": "BR27SQN",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#BR27SQN",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَهَذَا الَّذِي مَدَحْتَهُ كَثِيرًا",
"english": "Is this the one whom you praised so greatly?",
"explanation": "The question in this example does not genuinely seek to establish the person's identity; it diminishes the person by expressing incredulity that someone of such apparently low standing should have received so much praise.[17][9]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "BPD8GAE",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#BPD8GAE",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَهَذَا مَا تَفْتَخِرُ بِهِ؟",
"english": "Is this what you are proud of?",
"explanation": "The question does not genuinely seek to identify what the addressee takes pride in, but diminishes the value or significance of the thing being presented as a source of pride."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-92-9"
],
"id": "7UHUFRG",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#7UHUFRG",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى تِجَارَةٍ تُنْجِيكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ",
"english": "Shall I direct you to a transaction that will save you from a painful punishment? Quran 61:10",
"explanation": "Rather than simply announcing what follows, the question first arouses the addressees' interest in learning about the figurative \"transaction\" that will save them.[17][9]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "XGKFV4F",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#XGKFV4F",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "هَلْ أُخْبِرُكَ بِسِرٍّ يُغَيِّرُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ؟",
"english": "Shall I tell you a secret that will change everything?",
"explanation": "The question draws the addressee's attention and creates eagerness to hear what the communicator is about to disclose."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-1351-18"
],
"id": "K8NJXC7",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#K8NJXC7",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ",
"english": "Has the time not yet come for the believers that their hearts should be humbled at the remembrance of God? Quran 57:16",
"explanation": "The question reproaches the believers for the delay in their hearts' submission, rather than genuinely asking about timing.[18]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "PBQ284R",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#PBQ284R",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَمْ أَقِفْ مَعَكَ عِنْدَمَا احْتَجْتَ إِلَيَّ؟",
"english": "Did I not stand by you when you needed me?",
"explanation": "The communicator does not genuinely seek confirmation of whether the support was given, but uses the question to reproach the addressee for conduct perceived as failing to acknowledge or reciprocate it."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-ghani-350-19"
],
"id": "RUBXAAN",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#RUBXAAN",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "الْحَاقَّةُ مَا الْحَاقَّةُ وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْحَاقَّةُ",
"english": "The Inevitable Reality! What is the Inevitable Reality? And what will make you know what the Inevitable Reality is?",
"explanation": "Hashimi identifies the interrogative expressions here as conveying Alarming/Magnifying Seriousness (التهويل, tahwīl). The questions magnify the momentousness and gravity of the event rather than functioning as ordinary requests for information.[19]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "LRA77PS",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#LRA77PS",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الَّذِي سَيَحْدُثُ إِنْ فَشِلَ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ؟",
"english": "And what could make you comprehend what will happen if this matter fails?",
"explanation": "The question magnifies the seriousness of the possible consequences rather than merely requesting a prediction of what will happen."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-93-13"
],
"id": "LZPP9P8",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#LZPP9P8",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "ما للمنازل أصبحت لا أهلها أهلي ولا جيرانها جيراني؟!",
"english": "Why have these homes become places where neither the inhabitants are my kin, nor the neighbors my neighbors? - Shams al-Dīn al-Kūfī",
"explanation": "The question is a lament at the situation of the homes rather than seeking literal information.[13]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "8FB57NU",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#8FB57NU",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَيْنَ تِلْكَ الأَيَّامُ الَّتِي كُنَّا نَجْتَمِعُ فِيهَا؟",
"english": "Where are those days when we used to gather together?",
"explanation": "The question expresses sorrowful longing for days that have passed rather than genuinely asking where those days are."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-125-20"
],
"id": "HZ7AYNN",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#HZ7AYNN",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَيْسَ لِي مُلْكُ مِصْرَ",
"english": "Is not the kingdom of Egypt mine? Quran 43:51",
"explanation": "Pharaoh's question does not seek confirmation of an unknown fact; it boasts of his dominion, calling on his people to acknowledge his greatness and supremacy.[20]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "49VPGJ3",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#49VPGJ3",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَوَّلَ مَنْ وَقَفَ فِي وَجْهِ الْخَطَرِ؟",
"english": "Was I not the first to stand in the face of danger?",
"explanation": "The communicator does not seek information about their own conduct, but invokes it rhetorically as a source of pride."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-92-9"
],
"id": "62C3WNN",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#62C3WNN",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَنَّىٰ لَهُمُ الذِّكْرَىٰ وَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مُبِينٌ",
"english": "How can there be a reminder for them when a clear messenger has already come to them?",
"explanation": "The Interrogative here conveys Deeming Remote/Improbable (الاستبعاد, istibʿād). The question presents their taking heed as remote or unlikely in view of their previous response to a clear messenger.[21][9]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "LQNDTM8",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#LQNDTM8",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَنَّى لَهُ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ غَايَتَهُ وَهُوَ لَا يَسْعَى إِلَيْهَا؟",
"english": "How could he reach his goal when he makes no effort towards it?",
"explanation": "The question does not genuinely ask how the goal might be reached, but presents its attainment as improbable given the absence of effort."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-92-9"
],
"id": "MXX27G8",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#MXX27G8",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "وَمَا تِلْكَ بِيَمِينِكَ يَا مُوسَىٰ",
"english": "And what is that in your right hand, O Moses? Qur'an 20:17",
"explanation": "The question addressed to Moses serves to create familiarity and put him at ease rather than functioning merely as a request to identify what he is holding.[9]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "XU72SS6",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#XU72SS6",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "كَيْفَ وَجَدْتَ الطَّرِيقَ إِلَيْنَا؟",
"english": "How did you find the journey here?",
"explanation": "Addressed conversationally to a newly arrived guest, the question may serve to put the addressee at ease and establish familiarity rather than merely seeking information about the journey."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-93-13"
],
"id": "B2TTF5A",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#B2TTF5A",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَىٰ بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ",
"english": "Would you exchange that which is better for that which is inferior? Quran 2:61",
"explanation": "Hashimi identifies the Interrogative here as Alerting to Error (التنبيه على الخطأ). The question draws attention to the mistaken choice of preferring what is inferior over what is better.[13]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "94AUU5L",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#94AUU5L",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَتَتْرُكُ الْأَوْضَحَ وَتَخْتَارُ الْأَشَدَّ غُمُوضًا؟",
"english": "Would you leave what is clearer and choose what is more obscure?",
"explanation": "The question draws the addressee's attention to what the communicator presents as a mistaken choice rather than merely asking which option will be selected."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "TR83KHX",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#TR83KHX",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَفَأَنْتَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ أَوْ تَهْدِي الْعُمْيَ",
"english": "Can you make the deaf hear, or guide the blind? Quran: 10:42",
"explanation": "Hashimi identifies the Interrogative here as Alerting to Falsehood (التنبيه على الباطل). The question exposes the invalidity of supposing that the addressee can compel those unreceptive to hear or be guided.[13]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "N2BVLVN",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#N2BVLVN",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَفَتَظُنُّ أَنَّ الْكَذِبَ يَصِيرُ حَقًّا بِكَثْرَةِ تَكْرَارِهِ؟",
"english": "Do you think that falsehood becomes truth merely by being repeated often?",
"explanation": "The question does not genuinely seek the addressee's opinion, but draws attention to the falsity of the proposition that repetition can transform a false claim into truth."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-93-13"
],
"id": "UYU4MCR",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#UYU4MCR",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "فَأَيْنَ تَذْهَبُونَ",
"english": "So where are you going?",
"explanation": "Hashimi identifies the Interrogative here as Alerting to Error of Course (التنبيه على ضلال الطريق). The question does not literally request a destination, but draws attention to the addressees' deviation from the correct course.[13]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "LKN8CAQ",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#LKN8CAQ",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "فَإِلَى أَيْنَ تَمْضِي وَقَدْ تَرَكْتَ الطَّرِيقَ الصَّحِيحَ؟",
"english": "Where are you heading when you have already left the right path?",
"explanation": "The question does not primarily seek a destination, but alerts the addressee to having departed from the course presented as correct."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-92-9"
],
"id": "RXKNQDA",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#RXKNQDA",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَأَنْذَرْتَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تُنْذِرْهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ",
"english": "It is the same for them whether you warn them or do not warn them; they will not believe.",
"explanation": "Hashimi explicitly identifies the Interrogative here as conveying Equivalence (التسوية, taswiya). The interrogative hamza in a-andhartahum introduces one alternative, paired with am and the contrasting alternative lam tundhirhum. The construction does not genuinely ask which alternative applies; both warning and not warning are presented as equivalent with respect to the outcome that follows: they will not believe.[9]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "PCUTT7J",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#PCUTT7J",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَسَافَرْتَ الْيَوْمَ أَمْ غَدًا؟ فَالْأَمْرُ عِنْدِي سَوَاءٌ.",
"english": "Will you travel today or tomorrow? It is all the same to me.",
"explanation": "The two alternatives are presented as equivalent from the communicator's perspective; choosing one rather than the other does not alter the relevant outcome."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-jawaher-95-22"
],
"id": "6F2LY6F",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#6F2LY6F",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "إِلَامَ وَفِيمَ تَنَقَّلُنَا رِكَابٌ وَنَأْمُلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَنَا أَوَانُ؟ فَهَلْ لِي أَنْ أَرَاكِ قُبَيْلَ مَوْتِي وَلَوْ فِي النَّوْمِ يَا بِنْتَ الْكِرَامِ؟",
"english": "How long and for what purpose will mounts carry us from place to place, while we hope that our time will come? Will I ever see you before my death, even if only in a dream, O daughter of the noble?",
"explanation": "Hashimi explicitly identifies the interrogatives in this example as conveying Impatience (الاستبطاء, istibṭāʾ). The questions express impatience at the continued delay of the hoped-for meeting rather than functioning merely as requests for information.[22]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "HJU7W9G",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#HJU7W9G",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "مَتَى يَصِلُ الرَّدُّ وَقَدِ انْتَظَرْنَا أَيَّامًا؟",
"english": "When will the reply arrive, after we have already waited for days?",
"explanation": "The question expresses impatience at the perceived delay of the expected reply rather than functioning merely as a neutral inquiry about its time of arrival."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-127-23"
],
"id": "EEL8SZ9",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#EEL8SZ9",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَأُنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ الذِّكْرُ مِن بَيْنِنَا",
"english": "Has the message been sent down to him, of all of us? Quran 38:8",
"explanation": "The disbelievers use the question to express surprise that revelation should have come to Muhammad rather than to one more prominent among them, though they knew the truth of his prophethood.[23]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "FZ3RXDY",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#FZ3RXDY",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَأَنْتَ الَّذِي كَسَرْتَ هَذَا وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُكَ تَفْعَلُهُ؟",
"english": "Was it you who broke this, when I saw you do it?",
"explanation": "The communicator already knows who performed the action, but adopts the form of a question rather than seeking genuinely unknown information."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-128-24"
],
"id": "GYA26TG",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#GYA26TG",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ",
"english": "Did We not expand for you your breast? Quran 94:1",
"explanation": "Akkawi identifies the Interrogative here as Reminder (التذكير, tadhkīr). The question does not seek to establish whether these things occurred, but recalls them to the addressee as matters already known.[24]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "YUJY3RQ",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#YUJY3RQ",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَمْ نَقِفْ مَعَكَ يَوْمَ احْتَجْتَ إِلَيْنَا؟",
"english": "Did we not stand by you on the day you needed us?",
"explanation": "The question recalls to the addressee a past event presumed to be known rather than genuinely seeking information about whether it occurred."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-129-25"
],
"id": "ECQY8KU",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#ECQY8KU",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ تِجَارَةٍ تُنْجِيكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ",
"english": "Shall I direct you to a transaction that will save you from a painful punishment? Quran 61:10",
"explanation": "Akkawi identifies the Interrogative here as conveying Encouragement (الترغيب, targhīb). The question presents what follows as desirable and encourages the addressees towards it rather than functioning merely as a request for an answer.[25]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "Y2R87HQ",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#Y2R87HQ",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "هَلْ أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى طَرِيقٍ يُقَرِّبُكَ مِنْ هَدَفِكَ؟",
"english": "Shall I show you a way that will bring you closer to your goal?",
"explanation": "The question presents the proposed course as desirable and encourages the addressee to become receptive to it rather than merely asking whether guidance is wanted."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-136-26"
],
"id": "42EHTEA",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#42EHTEA",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ",
"english": "Would you not like God to forgive you? Qur'an 24:22",
"explanation": "Akkawi identifies the Interrogative here as conveying an Offer (العرض, ʿarḍ). The interrogative does not function merely to discover whether the addressees desire God's forgiveness, but gently prompts them towards the course of action associated with attaining it.[26]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "TU4XQUX",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#TU4XQUX",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَا تَجْلِسُ مَعَنَا قَلِيلًا؟",
"english": "Won't you sit with us for a little while?",
"explanation": "The question functions as a gentle invitation to sit with the communicator rather than primarily as an inquiry into whether the addressee will do so."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-133-27"
],
"id": "TXHL6CK",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#TXHL6CK",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "فَهَلْ لَنَا مِنْ شُفَعَاءَ فَيَشْفَعُوا لَنَا أَوْ نُرَدُّ فَنَعْمَلَ غَيْرَ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ",
"english": "Are there any intercessors for us who might intercede for us, or might we be returned so that we could act differently from what we used to do? Quran 7:53",
"explanation": "Akkawi identifies the Interrogative here as conveying Wishing (التمني, tamannī). The speakers express a desire for intercession or for an opportunity to return and act differently, rather than merely requesting information about whether either possibility exists.[27]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "VWJCLPU",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#VWJCLPU",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "فَهَلْ لَنَا أَنْ نَعُودَ يَوْمًا إِلَى تِلْكَ الْأَيَّامِ؟",
"english": "Might we one day return to those days?",
"explanation": "The question expresses the communicator's wish to return to a past time rather than functioning primarily as a request for information about whether such a return will occur."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-135-28"
],
"id": "T69YANK",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#T69YANK",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَتُهْلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ السُّفَهَاءُ مِنَّا",
"english": "Will You destroy us for what the foolish among us have done? Quran 7:155",
"explanation": "The interrogative of supplication expresses entreaty rather than a genuine question.[28]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "AEA5JTE",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#AEA5JTE",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "هَلْ لِي مِنْ عَفْوِكَ نَصِيبٌ؟",
"english": "Might I have a share of your forgiveness?",
"explanation": "The question functions as a plea for forgiveness rather than primarily seeking information about whether forgiveness is available."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-124-21"
],
"id": "746TTLW",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#746TTLW",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَفِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ أَمِ ارْتَابُوا",
"english": "Is there a disease in their hearts, or have they fallen into doubt? Quran 24:50",
"explanation": "Akkawi reports that al-Suyūṭī identifies this as an example of Informing (الإخبار, ikhbār). The interrogative form does not function primarily to obtain unknown information, but conveys a statement concerning the condition of those being described.[21]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "FDWGKTV",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#FDWGKTV",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَلَيْسَ هَذَا هُوَ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي حَذَّرْنَاكَ مِنْهُ؟",
"english": "Is this not the very matter we warned you about?",
"explanation": "The question functions substantially as a report or assertion that the present situation is the very one previously warned about, rather than primarily seeking confirmation from the addressee."
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "source",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"sourceReferences": [
"cite_note-akkawi-127-23"
],
"id": "RRU7TNZ",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#RRU7TNZ",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَأَنْتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَٰهَيْنِ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ",
"english": "Did you say to the people, \"Take me and my mother as two gods besides God\"?",
"explanation": "The interrogative wording here conveystabkīt. He explains it as a reproach directed at the Christians concerning what they claimed, rather than as a genuine request to discover whether the statement had been made.[23]"
},
{
"@type": "balagha:Example",
"exampleType": "constructed",
"exampleOf": "INTEROG",
"exampleOfName": "The Interrogative",
"id": "JYJ6L8R",
"url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/INTEROG:_The_Interrogative#JYJ6L8R",
"exampleOfEntity": {
"@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q46"
},
"inLanguage": "ar",
"arabic": "أَتَدَّعِي الْعَدْلَ وَأَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ عَلَى هَذَا النَّحْوِ؟",
"english": "Do you claim justice while judging between people in this way?",
"explanation": "The question confronts the addressee with the incompatibility between their claim and their conduct, functioning as reproach rather than as a genuine inquiry into whether they claim to be just."
}
],
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"@id": "https://marathe.org/#mandar",
"honorificPrefix": "Dr",
"name": "Mandar Marathe",
"givenName": "Mandar",
"familyName": "Marathe",
"alternateName": "Dr Mandar Marathe",
"url": "https://marathe.org/",
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"@id": "https://marathe.org/"
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"value": "0000-0002-6927-6836",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-6836"
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"affiliation": [
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"name": "The Arabic Research Institute",
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