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'PRBLAME: Praise-Blame Dichotomy'. 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Commendation appears stronger when emerging from censure, and censure appears harsher when following commendation.\nRhetorical surprise: When the second evaluative movement overturns the first, the device can create an effect of surprise or dramatic turn, sustaining attention and increasing the memorability of the statement.\nExposure of contrastive aspects: By subjecting the same referent to opposing judgments, the device can foreground the subject’s competing or contrasting aspects, making its complexity more rhetorically vivid.\nConcentrated tension: Because both evaluative poles are anchored to the same referent, the opposition is concentrated rather than distributed across different subjects. This intensifies the force of the contrast and the impact of the reversal.\nImpression of balanced judgment: When neither evaluative movement is strongly dominant, the device can produce an impression of fairness or completeness, as though the speaker has weighed both sides of the subject. This effect depends on the relative weight given to each pole and is not a necessary outcome of the device.\n\nApplying the Recognition Framework\nThe information on this page can be used to evaluate whether this device is present in a candidate lexical item using the Specific Device Recognition part of the Universal Framework for Identifying Arabic Rhetorical Devices:\n\nUse the Definition, Mechanism, and Recognition sections of this page in Step 1.\nApply the substitution test in Step 2.\nConsider contextual indicators in Step 3.\nUse the Diagnostic Communicative Enhancements section of this page in Step 4.", "examples": "Source Example🔗\nتَبًّا لَهُ مِنْ خَادِعٍ مُمَاذِقِ[blame] Perdition to it — a deceiving, dissembling [coin].أَكْرِمْ بِهِ أَصْفَرَ رَاقَتْ صُفْرَتُهْ[praise] How noble is this yellow one whose yellowness delights!\nExplanation\nAl-Ḥarīrī first censures the dinar, characterising it as a deceiver, then immediately praises the same coin for the beauty of its golden colour. The two evaluative moves — blame then praise of the same subject — constitute al-Mughāyara.[1][2] The final word of the blame hemistich varies across sources. Nāṣif et al. (2012) give mumādhiq in the main text, with a footnote recording the manuscript variant mumāziq. Hāshimī (2019) gives mumāriq.Constructed Example🔗\nكَمْ أَفْسَدَ الذَّكَاءُ مِنْ عَقْلٍ رَزِينٍ، وَكَمْ قَادَ صَاحِبَهُ إِلَى الهَلَاكِ!ثُمَّ كَمْ أَنْقَذَ الذَّكَاءُ مِنْ هَالِكٍ، وَكَمْ رَفَعَ صَاحِبَهُ إِلَى أَعْلَى المَرَاتِبِ!How often has intelligence corrupted a sound mind, and led its possessor to ruin! Yet how often has intelligence saved one on the brink of destruction, and raised its possessor to the highest ranks!\nExplanation\nThe same subject — intelligence (al-dhakāʾ) — is first blamed, then praised, within a single passage. 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"W4415405334", "balagha:sourceCount": 4, "inDefinedTermSet": { "@type": "DefinedTermSet", "name": "ARDT v0.1.0" } }, "balagha:subtypes": [], "balagha:examples": [ { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "source", "exampleOf": "PRBLAME", "exampleOfName": "Praise-Blame Dichotomy", "sourceReferences": [ "cite_note-nasif-1", "cite_note-jawaher-2" ], "unresolvedSourceReferenceKeys": [ "hashimi" ], "id": "NZ8R3", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/PRBLAME:_Praise-Blame_Dichotomy#NZ8R3", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q116" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "تَبًّا لَهُ مِنْ خَادِعٍ مُمَاذِقِ", "english": "[blame] Perdition to it — a deceiving, dissembling [coin].", "explanation": "Al-Ḥarīrī first censures the dinar, characterising it as a deceiver, then immediately praises the same coin for the beauty of its golden colour. The two evaluative moves — blame then praise of the same subject — constitute al-Mughāyara.[1][2] The final word of the blame hemistich varies across sources. Nāṣif et al. (2012) give mumādhiq in the main text, with a footnote recording the manuscript variant mumāziq. Hāshimī (2019) gives mumāriq." }, { "@type": "balagha:Example", "exampleType": "constructed", "exampleOf": "PRBLAME", "exampleOfName": "Praise-Blame Dichotomy", "id": "X58CS", "url": "https://al-balagha.com/wiki/PRBLAME:_Praise-Blame_Dichotomy#X58CS", "exampleOfEntity": { "@id": "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q116" }, "inLanguage": "ar", "arabic": "كَمْ أَفْسَدَ الذَّكَاءُ مِنْ عَقْلٍ رَزِينٍ، وَكَمْ قَادَ صَاحِبَهُ إِلَى الهَلَاكِ! ثُمَّ كَمْ أَنْقَذَ الذَّكَاءُ مِنْ هَالِكٍ، وَكَمْ رَفَعَ صَاحِبَهُ إِلَى أَعْلَى المَرَاتِبِ!", "english": "How often has intelligence corrupted a sound mind, and led its possessor to ruin! Yet how often has intelligence saved one on the brink of destruction, and raised its possessor to the highest ranks!", "explanation": "The same subject — intelligence (al-dhakāʾ) — is first blamed, then praised, within a single passage. The juxtaposition of the two evaluative moves directed at the same subject constitutes al-Mughāyara." } ], "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://marathe.org/#mandar", "honorificPrefix": "Dr", "name": "Mandar Marathe", "givenName": "Mandar", "familyName": "Marathe", "alternateName": "Dr Mandar Marathe", "url": "https://marathe.org/", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://marathe.org/" }, "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-6927-6836", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-6836" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "Google Scholar", "value": "w-bT-iYAAAAJ", "url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=w-bT-iYAAAAJ" } ], "sameAs": [ "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-6836", "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=w-bT-iYAAAAJ", "https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=38961640000", "https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/GRX-5034-2022", "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mandar_Marathe", "https://independent.academia.edu/MandarMaratheUK", "https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/Mandar-Marathe/34623281", "https://arxiv.org/a/marathe_m_1.html", "https://dblp.org/pid/413/7182", "https://www.soas.ac.uk/about/mandar-marathe", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/mandar-marathe-uk/", "https://x.com/DrMMarathe", "https://www.youtube.com/@drmandarmarathe", "https://balaghabase.org/entity/Q19", "https://balaghabase.org/wiki/Item:Q19" ], "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "The Arabic Research Institute", "url": "https://arabicresearch.org/" } ], "owns": [ { "@id": "https://marathe.org/#website" }, { "@id": "https://rhetorical-density.com/#website" }, { "@id": "https://balaghascore.com/#website" }, { "@id": "https://project.balaghascore.com/#website" }, { "@id": "https://al-balagha.com/#website" }, { "@id": "https://balaghabase.org/#website" }, { "@id": "https://balagha-corpus.com/#website" } ] } ] }